Turbinate reduction is a surgical procedure that aims to reduce the size of the turbinates, which are small, bony structures inside the nose that help filter, warm, and humidify the air we breathe. It improves nasal airflow and relieves symptoms of chronic nasal congestion, such as snoring, sleep apnea, post-nasal drip, and sinus infections. This article will explain turbinates, why they may need to be reduced, how the procedure is performed, and what to expect after the surgery.

Turbinate Reduction:

Turbinates are located on the sidewalls of the nasal cavity and are divided into the superior, middle, and inferior turbinates. The inferior turbinates are the largest and most important for regulating nasal breathing. They are covered with a mucous membrane containing blood vessels and nerve endings. The turbinates can swell and shrink in response to various factors, such as allergies, infections, weather changes, hormones, medications, and stress. This is normal and helps to adjust the nasal airflow and protect the nasal passages from irritants and pathogens.

However, sometimes, the turbinates become enlarged or displaced permanently due to chronic inflammation, structural abnormalities, or trauma. This condition is called turbinate hypertrophy, and it can cause nasal obstruction, which can interfere with normal breathing and affect the quality of life. It can lead to complications like sinusitis, ear infections, headaches, and facial pain.

Turbinate reduction is a surgical procedure that aims to reduce the size of the turbinates and restore normal nasal breathing. It is usually recommended when conservative treatments, such as nasal sprays, antihistamines, or steroids, fail to provide adequate relief.

How is turbinate reduction performed?

Turbinate reduction can be performed in different ways, depending on the severity of the condition, the surgeon's preference, and the equipment's availability. The most common methods are:

Cauterization, coblation, and radiofrequency reduction are minimally invasive techniques that use heat or energy waves to shrink the turbinates without removing tissue or bone. A thin probe is inserted into the nose and applied to the turbinates, causing scar tissue to form and reduce the swelling. These procedures can be done under local anesthesia in an office setting and usually take about 10 to 15 minutes.

Surgical removal: This is a more invasive technique that involves cutting or removing parts of the turbinates, either with a scalpel, a microdebrider, or a laser. This procedure can be done under general anesthesia in an operating room and usually takes about 30 to 60 minutes.

Conclusion

Turbinate reduction is a surgical procedure that can improve nasal breathing and relieve symptoms of chronic nasal congestion. It involves reducing the size of the turbinates, which are small, bony structures inside the nose that help filter, warm, and humidify the air we breathe. Turbinate reduction can be performed in different ways, depending on the severity of the condition, the surgeon's preference, and the equipment's availability. The recovery time and the results vary depending on the method used and the individual healing process. Turbinate reduction is usually safe and effective, but it may have risks and complications, such as bleeding, infection, scarring, or recurrence. Therefore, it is important to consult an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist before this procedure and follow their instructions and recommendations carefully.